Highlights of the BMC-series: February 2013

Getting positive about negatives•Nematode model of early exposure to genotoxicants•Possible non-genetic factors in polydactyly•A birthday gift for Charles Darwin•Resistance without the antibiotics•The splice is right for Apolipoprotein B•Pop science influences public debate

Psychology:Getting positive about negatives

TheBMC-series launched its newest journal in almost 5 years this month, with the publication of four articles inBMC Psychology.Amongst them, aCommentaryfrom Section Editor Keith Laws outlines the values of publishing negative findings in the field of psychology –something which the new journal fully supports—in an effort to redress the bias in positive results that is currently rife in the field. TheGuardian也拿起了故事。

Toxicology: Nematode model of early exposure to genotoxicants

The implications of mitochondrial damage that occurs in early development is not clearly understood at present. In anarticlepublished inBMC Pharmacology and Toxicologythis month, Maxwell Leung and colleagues make use of the similarities between the mitochondrial biology of the nematode wormCaenorhabditis elegansand humans to investigate the effects of early life exposure to ultraviolet C radiation on mitochondrial DNA content, transcription, ATP production, and oxygen consumption. Their findings indicate that early life contact with mitochondrial genotoxicants may lead to time-delayed mitochondrial dysfunction.

Pediatrics: Possible non-genetic factors in polydactyly

Polydactyly refers to the heterogeneous group of congenital hand and foot anomalies which have variable clinical features and a diverse etiology. Preaxial polydactyly type I (PPD1), the most common form of polydactyly is typically characterized by the doubling of one or more skeletal components of a thumb or hallux. A newstudyinBMC Pediatricsthis month investigating data from the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations found that isolated cases of PPD1 occur more frequently in children with lower birth order and birth weight, suggesting that non-genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of non-familial PPD1.

Image of the month

An adult male Greek Tortoise (Testudo graeca) named Margherito, with a surgically repositioned fractured jaw (left); and 2 weeks later following treatment with radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC).FromRinaldi et al.BMC Veterinary Research 2013, 9:39

Genomics: A birthday gift for Charles Darwin

This month saw the celebration of International Darwin Day in honour of Charles Darwin’s birthday on February 12^th, 1809.BMC Genomicsprovided a timely gift bypublishing an articlerevealing some genomic insights into one of the most iconic species to have influenced Darwin’s thinking on evolution – the Galápagos finch.Find outmore on our blogabout how signatures of selection for beak shape make this a fitting tribute to his work.

Evolutionary Biology: Resistance without the antibiotics

The resistance that bacteria develop against antibiotics and the advent of the super-bug are currently hot topics in health care circles. The temperature is turned up this month as Alejandra Rodríguez-Verdugo and colleagueswriting inBMC Evolutionary Biology, found thatEscherichia colican develop resistance to the antibiotic rifampicin even in the absence of the drug, when grown in a thermally stressed environment. They conclude that resistance mutations that are not necessarily costly to the bacteria in the absence of antibiotics or compensatory mutations are highly beneficial at high temperature and low glucose.

Molecular Biology: The splice is right for Apolipoprotein B

Apolipoprotein B (APOB) is a component of low density lipoproteins. Exon 26 of the APOB pre-mRNA is unusually long and due to its extensive length contains multiple pseudo splice sites. In anarticlepublished inBMC Molecular Biologythis month, Umasuthan Srirangalingam and colleagues found that these pseudo splice sites are heterogeneously distributed along exon 26 and that they are repressed by multiple, tandem splicing silencers which may be key in maintaining integrity during RNA splicing. The authors also postulate that polymorphisms within the exon 26 sequence, even if translationally silent, may disrupt these silencers and disturb splicing, leading to alterations of APOB expression and function which may underlie inter-individual differences in lipoprotein levels and function.

Ethics: Pop science influences public debate

Acontent analysisof news articles written about the best-selling popular science bookThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lackshighlights how influential this medium can be in informing public debate over important issues related to ethics in medicine. The 2010 book about the life of a cancer patient whose cells have continued to be a vital resource for biomedical research long after her own life ended, has invoked widespread awareness of the issues surrounding informed consent, welfare of the vulnerable, and scientific accountability.

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