Managing the spread of infectious diseases has taken on heightened significance over the last year, as COVID-19 swept the world. Terms like ‘contact tracing’ and ‘vaccine trials’ have become hot discussion topics for the general population, not just those who work in public health or medical research. But the research I want to share here was research conducted before coronavirus was even ‘a thing’.

早在2019年，我们就开始揭示处理一个问题的重点measles爆发，特别是在一个可能低于平均疫苗接种率的地区。我们与一系列负责管理和应对疾病暴发的澳大利亚卫生专业人员进行了多轮调查（一种称为Delphi调查的互动方法）：公共卫生官员，传染病专家，免疫计划人员等参与接种疫苗。

我们的目标是在试图遏制爆发时找出他们认为的优先问题。我们要求参与者想象一个假想地区的麻疹爆发，以其儿童疫苗接种范围较低而闻名。我们问他们将面临哪些实际问题和挑战，以及他们从非召开社区成员有效管理爆发的成员所需的东西。

The study we undertook is part of a broader project called UPCaV for short – ‘Understanding, Parenting, Communities and Vaccination’. This project has been examining vaccine refusal and hesitancy in Australia from a range of different perspectives.

并非所有拒绝孩子疫苗的父母都是“反vaxxers”

该项目的较早阶段涉及对澳大利亚父母的深入访谈，澳大利亚父母拒绝为孩子提供一些或全部疫苗。Wiley等人（2020）发表了该阶段的一些发现。父母报告说，被污名化，欺负，不尊重和误解。值得注意的是，并非所有拒绝孩子疫苗的父母都是“反vaxxers”，该标签已越来越多地用于媒体报道中，并且倾向于结束对话而不是打开对话。

Trying to combat misinformation, while considered important by the people we surveyed, was deemed a longer-term strategy

从我们的德尔福调查中，对我来说最突出的一件事是，试图打击错误信息，而我们所调查的人认为重要的是一项长期战略。试图改变疫苗 - 补充商的思想并不是爆发期间的优先事项，也没有提供疫苗接种。参与者的首要任务是联系潜在感染的人并隔离社区中的弱势成员，以阻止疾病的传播。

我在我们的发现中发现的另一件事是，关于哪种策略在爆发期间对非疫苗接触父母的不信任最成功的问题的回答。对这个问题的反复回答是需要耐心和平静的教育。小组成员认为，重要的是要向父母突出显示麻疹可能引起的严重并发症。他们建议，重要的是不要与非疫苗的社区成员进行争论，而是提供保证，提供准确的信息并承认不同的信念。这些评论令人兴奋地看到，因为它们与我参与的以前的研究非常吻合，称为分享有关免疫的知识（Skai）。

The following two quotes from participants struck a chord with me:

“放心，耐心，教育可能会帮助那些仍在'围栏上''''的人。”

“承认并承认人们的信念，无论传达事实而没有被讨论或论点所吸引。”

Although these participants were talking about an imagined measles outbreak, their perspectives have significance for how we respond to other disease threats and how we communicate effectively with diverse populations. As I write this (April 2021), the COVID-19 vaccines have begun to be rolled out in Australia. While the questions in our survey were about measles, the implications for how best to manage the threat of disease, while also communicating in an open, thoughtful and compassionate way, especially with people who might be feeling nervous about vaccinations, is timely.

进一步阅读：

Wiley KE, Leask J, Attwell K, Helps C, Degeling C, Ward P et al. Parenting and the vaccine refusal process: A new explanation of the relationship between lifestyle and vaccination trajectories. Social Science & Medicine. 2020;263. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113259。

SKAI (Sharing Knowledge About Immunisation) website, National Centre of Immunisation Research and Surveillance,https://www.talkingaboutimmunisation.org.au，，，，Australia.