(This post continues fromthe first part可以在这里找到）。
第4点：联邦枪支研究资金并不意味着NRA在绳索上
预算被称为“defeat对于NRA，也表明“经济困难的枪支集团不再是环城公路内无敌的。
But despite recent麻烦和financialwoes, the gun lobby remains remarkably influential. That’s in large part because much of the NRA’s most important work has already been done. In 2016, the NRA spent more than3000万美元on behalf of the Trump campaign.
选举结束后，特朗普局部任命了一系列以保守党为重点的第二任期，以对该国最高法院的终身任命。NRA赞扬了特朗普最高法院的选秀权，Gorsuch和卡瓦诺，因为他们的亲枪立场。许多48 Trump appointees向联邦上诉法院支持类似的观点。
These courts will likely have a far more transformative effect on American gun policy that will public health research, because they will set standards that will last for generations.
As伊恩·米尔海斯（Ian Millhiser）的Voxrightlyputs it, “There is simply no recent precedent for one president having such a transformative impact on the courts”—including the ability to “eviscerate gun control,” enshrine broad public-carry rights,limitstates’ abilities to set their own gun policies, and other actions generally at odds with core foundations of much public health-based gun research.
It seems likely that future firearm research will need to adapt to this new terrain more often than being able to implement broad public-health policies that are not supported by the judiciary.
点5：枪支研究需要扩大其重点
Will gun research lead to better policies, or will the NRA and gun-rights politicians and advocates continue toresisteven the most basic efforts to promote gun safety? Answering this question depends on whether gun research can implement better strategies for rising rise above political divisions.
Researchers might begin by recognizing the wider contexts that surround guns in America. Again, guns kill nearly forty-thousand people in the United States each year.
Every single death represents an avoidable tragedy.
同时，与估计的死亡人数相比393 million civilian-owned guns。给n that most guns are从未开火, it would behoove gun research tostudywhat guns意思是除了他们的工作。
As one example of such an approach, our special collection inPalgrave Communicationsexplores theSymbolic Lives of Firearms, or the complex meanings that guns accrue for people and communities.
Our approach, based in the humanities andsocial sciences, tries to better understand how guns reflect and encapsulate histories about complex matters such as politics, geography,种族, gender, or socioeconomics.
This framework aims to expand the gun “problems” that research addresses, and by so doing develop expertise, not just in shortened lifespans and unimaginable suffering caused by firearms, but in America’s polarized inability to come up with solutions. As I write in theintroductory essayto the collection,
‘Guns undoubtedly signify a public health crisis. Too many people die and too many communities suffer lasting trauma, and often in patterned ways that public health expertise is designed to address. But scratch the surface, and it becomes increasingly clear that guns signal a social crisis as well’.
All told, the 2020 federal budget represents a potentially watershed moment for gun safety in the United States. But a move toward federally funded gun research represents, not the end of a conversation – but a step toward a new beginning.
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