奥林匹克跳高运动员，铁饼投掷者，马拉松和100米跑步者之间的预期寿命差异

Previous studies have investigated the life expectancy of elite athletes compared to that of the general population. These studies have found that, while the majority of elite athletes to live longer than the general public, this is not the case in all sports.

Lee-Heidenreich及其同事的这项研究试图确定田径比赛中预期寿命的任何差异。他们分析了各种田径运动中前20名男性和女性的死亡日期，例如：1928 - 1948年间奥林匹克跳高，铁饼，马拉松和100m冲刺。他们的结果表明，预期寿命确实因事件而有所不同，高跳跃者和马拉松运动员的寿命比铁饼投掷者和短跑运动员更长。

此外，发现奥林匹克奖牌获得者的预期寿命比普通人口高，而不论国家如何，而100m跑步者的寿命并不比一般人口更长。作者认为，需要未来的研究来确定不同类型的精英运动员之间的因素特异性死亡率（例如心血管疾病）是否存在差异。

团队运动运动员的看法和对恢复策略的使用：混合方法调查研究

运动员在运动后可以通过多种方式康复，但是哪种方法最受欢迎？澳大利亚詹姆斯·库克大学（James Cook University）的Fiona Crowther及其同事进行的一项研究调查了331名运动员的首选恢复方法，从本地到国际水平。他们发现所有国际运动员都使用按摩作为恢复形式，而总体上最流行的恢复方法是伸展。

尽管大多数参与者确实采用了恢复技术，但这些参与者并不总是与有关最有效恢复技术的科学证据保持一致。因此，重要的是要将运动员和教练组得知不同技术的影响，以确保出于正确的原因选择和实施恢复策略。

健康欢迎环境对青少年女孩参加俱乐部运动的影响：一项纵向研究

Currently, four out of five adolescents do not achieve the recommended levels of physical activity per day, particularly adolescent girls, who are significantly less active than their male counterparts. Why is this? And how do you increase adolescent participation in sport?

To try and address these questions, Casey and co-workers investigated the role that a healthy welcoming environment had on the participation in sports clubs of two groups of secondary school girls. They collected information on the sports membership of female students in years 7 (aged 11-13 years) and 11 (aged 16-18 years) and recorded the factors that influenced their decision to take part in sport. The results indicated that 80% of participants rated the welcoming atmosphere of the club (knowing someone at the club/friendliness of the coach) as an important factor, whereas the healthy environment of the club was found to be significantly less important.

作者建议的一些欢迎策略包括：指定的俱乐部大使，负责与新成员，俱乐部入职，俱乐部活动以及将新成员与同行导师联系起来。因此，体育机构应考虑优先考虑体育俱乐部内的社交环境，以增加体育活动的参与。

我们缺少机会吗？物理疗法和体育锻炼促进：横断面调查

Physiotherapists are in an ideal position to promote physical activity (PA); however, there is little evidence that this occurs. To investigate this, Nicole Freene, Sophie Cools and Bernie Bissett from the University of Canberra (Australia) surveyed a total of 257 Australian physiotherapists to determine how frequently they promoted PA and to assess their knowledge of the Australian physical activity and sedentary behavior (PASB) guidelines.

While the majority of participants agreed that the promotion of PA was part of their role, the results found that only half of the participants promoted PA beyond therapeutic exercise to 10 or more patients per month. Furthermore, male physiotherapists were significantly more likely to promote PA than female physiotherapists. The study also found that the participants generally had a poor knowledge of the Australian (PASB) guidelines, with only a small percentage being able to accurately state all four components of the guidelines.

这些发现的结果很明显，澳大利亚PASB指南的进一步教育可能会使物理治疗师更成功地促进PA。

等距肌肉作用有两种形式吗？实验研究的结果支持了保持和推动等距肌肉功能之间的区别

Current research regarding isometric (static) muscle action is limited, but it has been suggested that two forms of isometric action could exist: (i) holding isometric muscle action (HIMA), where an applied external load is held in a static position, and (ii) pushing isometric muscle action (PIMA), where the subject pushes against or pulls at a resistance that equals the force exerted.

在这项研究中，劳拉·舍夫（Laura Schaefer）和弗兰克·比特曼（Frank Bittmann）（德国波茨坦（Potsdam）的波茨坦大学）在三头肌肉中测量了10名健康参与者的三头肌肌肉肌肉，同时进行了推动和持有运动。他们的研究发现，两种肌肉作用在强迫耐力方面，特定频率的力量和精疲力尽的时间之间存在差异（因为发现HIMA会导致肌肉比PIMA更快地筋疲力尽）。

对这种变化的一种可能解释是，HIMA中的神经元控制策略和肌肉生理方面更像是偏心的肌肉动作，而PIMA可能与同心肌肉动作更相似。

These results partially support the theory that there are two types of isometric muscle action; however, further research is required regarding the cause of variation between the two muscle actions.

Hormonal aspects of overtraining syndrome: a systematic review

一些人可能认为that intense exercising every day is the best way to get fit; however, excessive training and insufficient recovery in sport can lead to overtraining syndrome (OTS). OTS causes acute feelings of fatigue and decreased performance, but can be hard to diagnose as it can be triggered by a variety of factors including hormonal, metabolic and immune dysfunction.

Using PRISMA guidelines, Cadegiani and Kater performed a systematic review to investigate the hormonal aspects of OTS as a potential diagnostic tool. They found that basal levels of hormones were not a good indicator of overtraining, whereas growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) responses were blunted during stimulation tests undertaken by the affected individuals. Further research is required, but the study indicates that GH and ACTH responses may be useful predictors in the diagnosis of OTS.