乌干达坎帕拉的孤儿院及其家居生产的益生菌Yoba酸奶

Felicia Prade

大约七年前The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research（tno）。

受到格雷戈尔·里德（Gregor Reid）教授的闭幕演讲的启发有益的微生物会议in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands in May 2008, I shaped the seed crystal for a research and development program to bring probiotics to the developmental world.

Soon after, I discussed this plan over a beer with my high-school friend Wilbert Sybesma in a terrace in Zürich. He was, as it just happened, looking for an interesting topic for his MBA study, and wrote a social business model, which won an award by theNeue Zürcher Zeitungfor the best strategic marketing plan of the year.

Why is this important

在第一次成功之后，我和威尔伯特建立了Yoba for Life foundationin Amsterdam, in September 2009. As a next step, we scanned the literature for the most relevant probiotic bacterium to address intestinal health problems in Africa.

在撒哈拉以南非洲，少于五年的儿童死亡的21％是由腹泻引起的，其中29％与轮状病毒有关。

It should be noted that in Sub-Saharan Africa,21％的死亡不到五年的儿童是由腹泻引起的29％is associated with the rotavirus. We identified a number of independentclinical studies令人信服地表明每天消费特定数量L. rhamnosusGG stimulates gut health and reduces the incidence and severity of rotavirus-associated diarrhea.

但是，益生菌L. rhamnosusGG waspatented戈尔丁和戈尔巴赫（Goldin and Gorbach）于1985年，对于发展中国家的人们而言无法获得。为了促进在非洲环境中获得这种健康 - 有益细菌的机会，我们开发了通用益生菌的概念，并发表了opinion paperinTrends in Biotechnologyon the free use of world’s first generic probiotic strain called乳酸乳杆菌yoba 2012.

这种菌株不能与L. rhamnosusGG strain, and accordingly all health claims can be transferred. In analogy togeneric drugs，只要专利过期并且不会使用受保护的品牌，就可以自由使用益生菌细菌。

努力创造酸奶

虽然L. rhamnosusYoba 2012是一种有效的益生菌菌株，它本身无法在牛奶中生长，因为它无法降解乳糖，并且具有有限的蛋白水解活性来降解酪蛋白。

与荷兰公司合作CSK食品富集we selected an auxiliary bacterium,Streptococcus thermophilusC106, isolated from an Irish artisanal cheese, which allows the yoba 2012 strain to increase in numbers in milk, as the enzymatic activity of C106 generates galactose from lactose and peptides from casein, which both can be consumed by yoba 2012.

One remaining challenge was thegenetic stability的L. rhamnosus拉紧。这是一个肠分离株，在牛奶中不同条件下菌株的传播可能导致piliation，介导对肠粘膜细胞的依从性，据报道，该特性与其粘膜细胞有关probiotic activity.

因此，与Willem de Vos实验室合作 - 多年前，Wilbert and Mi的博士学位和MSC-Superriasor分别是我们观察到的乳酸乳杆菌两轮发酵后。

现在，我们准备通过将两种细菌冷冻成具有长期保留性的粉末来产生起动培养物。Yoba的起动器被包装在易于手柄的袋中。

现在，我们准备通过将两种细菌冷冻成具有长期保留性的粉末来产生起动培养物。Yoba的起动器被包装在易于手柄的袋中。

这一切的最大结果是，一克含有约100亿种细菌的粉末可在两天内生产多达100升酸奶饮料。我们设置了本地分销点，这些分销点以成本价格约为0.80美元。

取得了巨大的成功

Two years after the introduction in Africa, we can conclude that the concept has been a great success. We started with the help of one our first partners, the foundationSypo和joined their yogurt project, which led to the first Yoba production in a small village in Uganda, close to lake Victoria.

To date, with the help of more than ten volunteers and a partnership with小母牛国际, the starter cultures, containing the two strains described in the research paper in the open access journalMicrobial Cell Factories，已在乌干达使用了50多个奶牛场和当地生产商。

The success is in the first place a result of enthusiastic and entrepreneurial Africans that produce their own drink yoghurt.

考虑到这一点，成功首先是热情和企业家非洲人产生自己的饮料酸奶的结果。他们都使用自己的品牌名称，并在当地市场上出售益生菌酸奶。

非洲生产商还负责营销和分销。这已经导致在乌干达的主要农村地区每周销售超过8000升益生菌发酵牛奶。

As a result, they could raise their income as an outcome of a reduction of milk spoilage and the added value of a drinking yoghurt, which is about three times the price of a liter milk. The locally produced probiotic food has benefitted over 25,000 people, including producers and consumers with the potential to reach hundreds of thousands in the near future.

不仅在非洲，而且在世界其他地区，我们还试图提高人们对功能发酵食品的认识。作为团队的一部分微只有，世界上第一个微生物博物馆，我们昨晚组织了一场发酵食品晚餐，甜点是荷兰人吊架prepared by a top chef and not to forget (!), the bacteria in the Yoba starter. Delicious!

以下机构的研究人员为新的Yoba首发文化的发展做出了贡献：YOBA生命基金会，荷兰阿姆斯特丹VU大学的微生物博物馆，荷兰应用科学研究组织（TNO），赫尔辛基大学（芬兰大学），芬兰大学，大学西安大略省（加拿大），马克塞雷大学（乌干达）和荷兰公司CSK食品丰富。