BMC Immunology：小鼠巨噬细胞中炎性体的激活可降低沙门氏菌的定植

识别微生物病原体是先天免疫功能的关键。这是在巨噬细胞中通过称为NLR的巨噬细胞进行的，然后激活炎症体，以防御细胞内细菌的定殖。然而，沙门氏菌已经开发出效应子，使其能够逃避炎性体反应。这项研究使用重组沙门氏菌测试是否可以触发炎性体激活，以及这是否会影响小鼠体内细菌定植。发现重组细菌增加了炎症体的激活，从而减少了受感染小鼠的细菌计数和器官损伤。这可能导致疫苗设计中的一般应用，从而鼓励免疫系统激活一系列细胞内病原体。

BMC心理学：为什么暴力罪犯比其他犯罪犯要战斗更多？

面部表达的解释是调节社会互动的重要因素。最近的一项研究比较了暴力罪犯的敌对归因偏见，与普通人群中的非暴力罪犯和控制相比。敌对归因偏见是对歧义面部表情的解释，通常导致侵略性行为。暴力罪犯比非暴力罪犯或控制者表现出更大的敌对归因偏见，这表明一种机制是一种倾向于身体暴力的机制。

BMC Family Practice：培训可以通过使用电子健康记录来改善医师的舒适性

As electronic health record (EHR) use becomes more common, more negative effects are seen on the physician-patient relationship from the use of EHR. While several recommendations have been published to try to mitigate these effects, few studies have tested whether these recommendations are helpful in real patient interactions. A new study aimed to introduce training on EHR-related communication skills of residents with real patients and asses its impact on physician-patient interactions. After the training, physicians said that they were more comfortable using EHR overall and were seen to be using it less in situations where patients might feel that it was a barrier to communication.

本月的图像：面对有袋的多样性

Images showing craniofacial diversity and convergence between marsupials and placental mammals. A recent study inBMC进化生物学表明胎盘哺乳动物中颅面多样性的遗传基础不会驱动有袋动物的类似多样性。

BMC微生物学：Use of more antibiotics leads to less growth inhibition

克服抗生素耐药性不断增长的问题的一种方法是使用组合疗法，两种或多种抗生素药物一起使用。罕见的抑制性相互作用的发生很罕见，在这些药物中，这些药物的效果比单独使用的效率不如抑制性相互作用。这些抑制性组合虽然它们在杀死细菌方面的有效性较低，但可能会更好地打击抗生素耐药性的发展。这项研究寻找三毒组合中的抑制作用，尤其是“新兴”抑制性相互作用，这些相互作用比单一药物降低了生长，但不如成对组合。在所有可能的组合中测试了14种抗生素药物在三种细菌上。成对抑制性相互作用很少见，只有5％的组合无法降低生长，而与成对组合相比，三毒组合中有17％显示出抑制性相互作用。这些紧急的抑制作用在临床上可能在临床上有用，可以在个体患者中有效杀死细菌的需求与降低人群中抗生素耐药性的发展。

BMC Plant Biology：How do wheat plants reduce water loss under drought conditions?

The plant cuticle is the outermost tissue layer and it is important in protecting the plant from environmental stresses, such as drought. Cuticle properties such as wax composition and glaucousness may control water loss and thereby contribute to drought tolerance. A new study examined water loss in five strains of wheat to compare leaf cuticle properties between strains with different drought tolerances and within strains grown in drought and non-drought conditions. The relationship found between cuticle properties and drought tolerance was not simple and included changes in wax composition, amount, and crystal structure. These relationships could be useful for selecting plants with higher drought resistance.

BMC公共卫生：How can parents help their children meet sleep guidelines?

Sleep is an essential contributor to healthy child development and lack of sleep can contribute to obesity, low academic achievement, and other negative outcomes for children and their families. Parental behaviors can significantly influence child sleep quality and duration both positively and negatively. This study aimed to determine the relative contribution of various parental behaviors intended to support healthy sleep to children meeting healthy sleep guidelines. The results of the survey show that parental enforcement of bedtime rules, not just encouragement to follow routine, predicted increased sleep duration in children.

首席作者伊夫琳·派珀（Evelyn Pyper）更详细地讨论了这项研究在她的来宾博客中。