BMC Cancer：打破沉默：从肿瘤从业者的角度，对护理讨论目标的障碍的调查

对于患有晚期或晚期癌症的患者，例如复苏或在生命结束时接受护理的决定对他们的生活质量，他们的照料成本以及家庭福祉的影响很大。患者和临床医生之间的讨论决定护理目标可能会导致更少的干预措施，更好的患者结果和降低成本，但很少有临床医生开始或鼓励这些讨论。

尚未研究防止临床医生实现护理讨论目标的障碍，因此本文的作者对一家医院的医生和护士进行了调查。该调查要求肿瘤学临床医生对可能的障碍对护理讨论的目标的重要性进行评估。与患者及其家人有关的障碍，例如患者（或家人）不接受预后不良或缺乏做出决定的能力，被视为最高障碍。在其他类别的障碍中，缺乏时间也获得了很高的评分。

The importance of the identified barriers highlights the need for specialized training for oncology clinicians to have goals of care discussions with patients who may need support to make decisions throughout the course of illness.

BMC化学工程：化学工程在化学生产中使用可再生能源和替代碳源的作用

BMC化学工程，是BMC系列最近开始发表文章，其中包括有关化学工业中可再生能源的重要新评论。在这篇综述中，加布里埃尔·西蒂（Gabriele Centi）及其同事讨论了从化石燃料中持续过渡带来的化学和工程行业内的变化。他们专注于替代碳源的发展以及将可再生能源整合到化学生产中。这篇评论凸显了创新的需求，以推动化学生产，评估和应用化学工程方法的根本变化。

BMC Nutrition：胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）和体内脂肪（％）与瑞典，年轻人的水果和蔬菜的摄入量低有关：横断面的生活方式，生物标志物和动脉粥样硬化研究

Lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and heart disease have become increasingly common globally despite recommendations for lifestyle changes to prevent these diseases. The lifestyle habits that affect the later development of these diseases are formed in early adulthood. A focus on prevention is needed in this population, but few studies have examined the association of specific lifestyle habits and disease risk factors in young adults.

The authors of this paper on Swedish young adults, ages 18-26, studied adherence to dietary recommendations and associations with metabolic risk markers such as insulin resistance and body fat. They found that more than half of the participants ate more sweets than recommended while approximately 85% ate less fruits and vegetables and 90% ate less whole grain or fish/seafood than recommended.

当他们研究满足每个饮食建议和特定风险标志物之间的关联时，他们发现所有参与者中都要吃建议的水果和蔬菜与下半身脂肪有关。在吃建议的鱼/海鲜量的女性中也看到了类似的关联。他们还看到所有参与者都征集了有关鱼类/海鲜，水果和蔬菜以及糖果的建议。这些结果强调了帮助年轻人将饮食习惯带入建议以防止糖尿病和其他疾病以后生活的重要性。

BMC卫生服务研究:What is the financial incentive to immigrate? An analysis of salary disparities between health workers working in the Caribbean and popular destination countries

Shortages of health workers in high-income English-speaking countries such as the US, the UK, and Canada have led to recruitment of trained health workers from poorer countries, including in the Caribbean. Poor working conditions and the perception of better standards of living elsewhere have led to high migration of health workers from the Caribbean. For example, approximately half of all doctors trained in Jamaica since 1991 have migrated to find work elsewhere. Understanding in detail the financial incentive to migrate could help Caribbean governments design policies to retain health workers.

To build an accurate picture of the increased salaries of health workers in high-income countries, the authors of this study used purchasing power parity (PPP) to compare salaries for nurses, doctors and specialists in the US, the UK, and Canada to those in four Caribbean countries. PPP exchange rates provide a more realistic comparison of salaries between countries by equalizing the cost of living between those countries.

他们发现，英国的薪水差距最低，从几乎没有经验的护士到具有超过十年经验的医生的184％，与美国的医生相比，薪水差距为184％，从没有经验的医生的123％到超过500多个医生不等。专家的％。这项评估强调了卫生工作者移民的经济激励措施，即使是那些经验很少的人，也耗尽了加勒比国家的资源。

BMC医学教育：一种简单而简短的微生物学实践，改善了本科护理学生对细菌特征的认识和避免传播感染的能力

Hospital-acquired infections are a serious risk, especially for vulnerable patients. Medical staff need to be aware of the risk and know how to minimize them, but time for practical lessons is limited in nursing school curricula.

本文的作者试图通过在其机构的基本微生物学课程中添加两个简短的实践课程，以证明手工卫生对护理学生的重要性。在第一届会议上，学生们触摸了细菌培养板，将通常在手中发现的细菌样本留下。在七天后的第二节中，学生们检查了在培养板上生长的细菌菌落，并指出了细菌菌落的数量和特征。

为了测量实际的影响emonstration, the students were asked to fill out questionnaires before and after the pair of sessions testing their awareness of surfaces that could carry bacteria and actions that could facilitate infection. Awareness scores increased after the sessions, showing that a brief, simple addition to nursing school curricula could improve nursing students’ awareness of infection risk.