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下降are a major public health concern and a leading cause of unintentional death around the world. In the United States, falls are the leading cause of injury—both fatal and non-fatal—in older adults. TheCenters for Disease Controlestimates that over one quarter of adults over 65 fall each year and around one-fifth of falls leads to serious injuries like head injuries, hip fractures, and broken bones.

虽然年龄增加是跌倒的关键危险因素，但其他因素也会产生贡献，包括慢性疾病，视力丧失和肌肉减少症（肌肉丧失）。每年都会发生瀑布预防意识周，这不仅是为了教育有降低风险的风险的人，而且还提醒整个社会在衰老期间可以避免跌倒。

定期运动和活动促进肌肉力量，并平衡，从而降低跌倒的可能性。在一个学习Nan-Ping Yang及其同事于4月份出版，该大学的Yang及其同事测量了1,067名老年人的手握力和腿部肌肉质量，并调查了他们的运动习惯。

在上一年，接受调查的参与者中有15％和1％的参与者遭受了下降。他们的平均握力强度较低，比没有跌倒的人少。有趣的是，未观察到秋季组和非倒下组之间的腿部肌肉质量有显着差异，这与先前将肌肉减少症与跌倒风险增加相关的研究相反。

…合并症，疼痛程度更高和平衡较差的男性跌倒风险更高，尿失禁，更抑郁的症状以及从未结婚的男性与女性风险更高有关。

在一个nother学习looking at fall risk factors, Catharine R. Gale and colleagues at the University of Southampton identified how risk factors differ between men and women. They used data from 3,298 participants (1,515 men and 1,783 women) enrolled in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, which assessed participants’ physical function every 4 years. Seventeen physical and cognitive risk factors predicted falls, but the only risk factor associated with falls in both men and women was older age.

Upon sex-specific analysis men with greater comorbidity, higher levels of pain, and poor balance were at higher risk for falls, while incontinence, more depressive symptoms, and never having married were associated with higher risk for women. Interestingly, women were more likely than men to report feeling higher levels of pain, but pain was only linked to increased falls risk in men. This finding may be because women with pain are more likely to use mobility aids than men.

这些研究确定特定跌倒危险因素对于设计有效的循证瀑布预防计划很重要。了解这些程序的实施程度也很重要。一种学习今年早些时候发布的探讨了社区服务提供商实施瀑布预防计划时遇到的障碍类型。

Catherine S. Dykeman and colleagues conducted interviews and focus groups within three公共卫生部门加拿大安大略省与社区成员说s who have regular contact with older adults such as health care providers, recreation/fitness leaders, and social services.

“好吧，你知道，这个人很老。他们当然会跌倒。”

确定的一种类型的障碍是“限制性组织授权和政策”，这与有关可用服务的资金和时间表的政策有关。在一个地点，运输资金受到有兴趣参加力量和平衡培训课程的人的限制。

研究人员要求参与者讨论克服他们面临的障碍的策略。这些策略的总体主题是社区利益相关者之间的合作。他们认为，机构间合作伙伴关系将有助于交换有关瀑布预防活动的信息，并希望能够改善晋升和可及性。

作者发现的另一种主要障碍是一些参与者所拥有的“对衰老和瀑布的信念”。一些被认为是不可避免的。一位参与者说：“当他们脆弱和老人时，已经很晚了……”另一个人说：“好吧，你知道，这个人是老的。他们当然会跌倒。”

下降Prevention Awareness Week exists in part to combat this attitude and to change how we think of falls by highlightingeffective方法oflowering the risk老年人跌倒。尽管跌倒很普遍，但对跌倒的进一步研究，其风险因素和预防策略将有助于创建和改善预防计划，以减少每年发生的跌倒数量。