自然灾害和针对儿童的暴力what does one have to do with the other?

As climate change and natural disasters increasingly and more severely affect human populations, it is imperative that we better understand the social ramifications and implications for health and wellbeing. A学习今天发表在BMC公共卫生提供建议,以改善预防暴力的设计和对自然灾害环境的裁缝干预措施。作者Ilan Cerna-Turoff在此博客中讨论了他的研究的重要性。

我们估计,全球超过3%的人口需要在2020年进行人道主义援助。随着温度的升高和天气模式的变化,人们只能想象,如果我们继续在这条当前的危险途径上继续不利于提供服务所需的人数和财务资源。我们缺乏准确的数字,但假设自然灾害期间形式结构和社会安全网的破坏可能会导致对儿童的暴力行为增加。

当灾难袭击时,我们通常没有时间问有关暴力发生方式和为什么发生的问题。我们创建了反应灵敏和直接的研究,重点是枚举暴力风险最高的儿童或受影响社区的主要关注点。但是,如果我们不完全理解灾难的哪些方面导致暴力,我们如何防止灾难?

多年来,我多次在我的脑海中回荡了这个问题,因为我在十年的大部分时间里对人道主义紧急情况下的违反儿童保护的研究进行了研究。那些从事灾难反应和人道主义紧急情况的人的前提是我们不会造成伤害,因此,我们的干预措施是需要和合理的。相应的研究是为了改善现有服务提供的过程。我经常想知道我们是否可以创建一种针对上游暴力驱动因素的更公共卫生方法。

Our systematic review published inBMC公共卫生整理有关自然灾害和暴力对儿童的潜在途径的信息,以提出干预点。我们确定了暴力的五个途径:

  1. 环境引起的监督,伴奏和儿童分离的变化
  2. Transgression of social norms in post-disaster behavior
  3. 经济压力
  4. 压力负面应对
  5. Insecure shelter and living conditions.

这些发现对行动有三个主要影响。首先,虽然可能存在更多的途径,但鉴于证据的稀缺性,我们可以保证,介入后垃圾后环境的各个方面都将有助于防止暴力行为。预防暴力计划应构建针对自然灾害后这五个途径的干预措施。

我们有大量可以利用的基于证据的干预措施;例如,sasa!(在基斯瓦希里的“现在”意思是“现在”),为了改变社会规范,父母有所作为for positive parenting, and治愈暴力用于创建安全的环境。全球标准人道主义行动(CPM)中儿童保护的最低标准and the World Health Organization’s (WHO)INSPIRE: Seven Strategies for Ending Violence against Childrenshould be met in building interventions.

Second, we should leverage the already existing knowledge and resilience of communities whom often experience natural disasters cyclically. We found that some families and communities were able to protect children from violence after natural disasters, particularly in terms of creating new accompaniment and supervision structures. Natural disasters may be unique from armed conflict in that community trust is greater intact.

我们应该研究土著知识,以增强本地反应。这些策略可能是有效的,比外部干预措施更容易促进,并支持对响应进行本地化的努力。我们强烈鼓励对自然灾害进行预防暴力的自然灾害之后的积极行为的更多文档和评估。

Third, multi-pronged approaches are essential in preventing violence. The five outlined pathways individually lead to violence but do not act in isolation. Programming must be created to combat multiple pathways.

Suppose a service provider creates a livelihoods program to address the economic stress pathway to violence. Unconditional cash transfers are provided to women heads of household in an effort to ensure that money is used for family needs. Violence against women and children may still occur in societies where it transgresses gender norms for women to be breadwinners of households. Humanitarians may cause more harm than good if they do not bundle livelihoods interventions with social norms change.

生计进一步干预并不能减轻其他负面应对行为。如果未向妇女护理人员提供育儿计划和心理健康支持以应对自然灾害的急性和持续的压力,可能仍会发生针对儿童的暴力行为。

Without addressing all pathways, violence against children will likely continue to occur. Individual agencies should design comprehensive interventions that address multiple pathways to violence, and humanitarian coordination mechanisms can ensure that no gaps exist in government and agency services.

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