你做什么工作？
作为西非的一名医学人类学家，我在几内亚，利比里亚，塞拉利昂和科特·伊沃特的基于社区的反应，冲突后重建和人道主义干预方面进行教授，研究和倡导。
What roles have anthropologists traditionally played in response to epidemics?
In books and journals, academic anthropologists have drawn attention to traditional practices, local health cultures and practices of care giving. In epidemics and other humanitarian emergencies, applied anthropologists have played a major role in working with international agencies to conduct research about the impacts of epidemics on local populations and to learn how communities are responding.
在埃博拉病毒期间，人类学家经常被要求参与健康传播 - 说服当地社区改变实践，以防止流行病的传播，适当反应，并挑战有关疾病传播的神话或怀疑。他们帮助鼓励与政府或人道主义和医学组织合作。
我们需要为人类学家和流行病反应者相互合作的新方法。
不幸的是，在雇用它们的组织中，应用人类学家的建议被边缘化了，而学术人类学家有时被视为在危机中间的侧线中被视为狙击。我们需要为人类学家和流行病反应者相互合作的新方法。
人类学家如何在将来更有效地做出贡献？
社会科学问题需要治疗勒vel with clinical and public health concerns. In the current model of epidemic response, when an outbreak occurs, experts plan a response, and anthropologists are brought in later to address challenges confronted during implementation. Anthropologists need to be integrated into epidemic response much earlier on, during planning phases.
Second, communications around epidemic events need to be switched from a one-way, top-down model to one that allows for open dialogue between local communities, national governments and international agencies.
Local communities, especially in low- and middle-income countries, often have extraordinary capacities for understanding rapidly changing local health conditions like those that take place during epidemics. They have many mechanisms for taking on board new information and changing local practices quickly, and a clear investment in doing so. Anthropologists can play a role in facilitating communication, but the real focus of epidemic response should be local communities.
在流行期间，西方医疗保健工人如何与社区有效地合作？
如今，在世界上大多数地方，传统的治疗师和治疗实践与常规医学相交。当地人群通常对西方药物，干预和研究非常复杂。
Western healthcare workers are vulnerable to media representations of epidemic hotspots as healthcare ‘hearts of darkness’. To be effective, they need to engage with traditional health workers as healthcare experts who are concerned with more than just the epidemic response.
传统的卫生工作者通常还关注 - 远比西方医疗保健工作者多得多 - 管理流行病的长期影响，整体发病率和死亡率以及对卫生系统和环境的影响。西方医疗保健工作者通常非常狭窄地专注于管理流行病，排除其他健康问题。
When Western workers encounter local resistance, they should note that these concerns reflect a complex set of concerns involving the credibility of the response, the legitimacy of the government, environmental and economic concerns, and local experiences with past epidemics as much as they reflect attitudes towards specific diseases like Ebola or Zika.
我们如何确保研究在道德和敏感性上进行，但仍然足够迅速地控制受某些暴发影响的社区的疾病？
太多的资源被重定向到在紧急情况下复制现有的社会科学研究，而不是使用现有的研究为流行病方案提供信息。
太多的资源被重定向到在紧急情况下复制现有的社会科学研究，而不是使用现有的研究为流行病方案提供信息。考虑Zika。在拉丁美洲的国家卫生系统与生殖健康之间的相互作用方面，已经进行了大量人类学研究，尤其是在道德和法律上敏感的问题上，例如生育，终止怀孕和儿童死亡率。
我们需要利用我们拥有更好和直接资源的资源来填补当前时刻至关重要的知识差距。
您在世界上做出的改变是什么，使我们为流行病做好了准备？
In order to make epidemic response faster, more sensitive, more effective and more evidence-based, qualitative research (based on qualities that can be observed but not measured numerically) must be given equal standing with quantitative research (based on numbers and things that can be measured).
Local communities must be given a leading role in shaping and changing epidemic response policy. Establishing a permanent platform for anthropological response to epidemic and humanitarian emergencies would go a long way towards achieving those goals.
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