3Ps for global disease challenges: how to build fruitful conversations

复杂的互连如何在核心一种健康方法be understood? Linking human, animal and ecosystem health, with a focus on poverty, wellbeing and livelihoods, is easy to proclaim. It is much less easy to do. Can modelling approaches help us develop a conversation between different perspectives so we can define more effective responses and interventions?

这是一个提出的问题新文章in the Special Issue ‘One Health for a Changing World’, just published in thePhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society。该论文反映了在非洲财团疾病动态驱动因素,,,,and particularly the research on Lassa fever and Ebola in West Africa. In it, we propose an integrative approach to modelling for One Health, combining process, pattern and participatory approaches in a ‘3Ps’ approach.

建模始终是理解复杂系统的部分途径。是否是根据精细的数学方程,统计关系或简单的图表或口头表现来构建模型的情况。它们不可避免地受到模型结构和框架的限制,以及不同尺度上数据的可用性。

因此,尽管对疾病反应政策努力的模型提出了许多要求,但他们只能做很多事情。

但是,当鼓励模型和不同的模型之间的对话和不同的模型之间的对话时,会发生什么?我们的方法不是在涵盖的各个方面构建一个更复杂的模型,而是要认识到所有建模方法都有其价值,尤其是在互动中。

建模方法

Participatory mapping in Kenya
ilri/salome wanyoike

For example, simple process models can help us think about how disease dynamics unfold, while pattern-based macro-ecological models can make use of layers of statistical data about drivers of disease. When such models are combined as in new environmental-mechanistic models, a whole new set of insights can be uncovered. For example, withLassa feverand裂谷热in Africa, future impacts of climate change can be modelled in relation to spatially-specific spillover and transmission rates.

虽然将过程和基于模式的模型链接为疾病建模的前沿区域,但人们对如何将这种量化模型与我们所谓的“参与性建模”结合起来的关注要少得多。这涉及从民族志和参与方法中出现的基础理解。它的目的是掌握当地人,生活疾病和可以每天传播疾病的动物,了解疾病出现,生态驱动因素与社会,文化和政治因素之间的相互作用。

当地的理解

正如我们在论文中针对埃博拉病毒和Lassa发烧的论文所示,询问有关社会角色,不安全实践,流动性,时间变化和长期动态的基本问题有助于揭示重要的见解,从而通过当地的理解来解开“黑匣子”的传播。这些既挑战又丰富了更定量的模型。

正如我们在毁灭性的西非的埃博拉疫情,对人们的行为方式以及对不断发展的爆发的反应有限的模型,通常会错过他们的印记,并且仅提供非常普遍的生态学,定居和运动模式的关键方面的图片。仅出现更细微和准确的方法当当地观点被认真对待时,急剧改变了健康和紧急反应。

正如我们在毁灭性的西非的埃博拉疫情,,,,models with limited insights into how people behave, and how they respond to an unfolding outbreak, often missed their mark,

跨学科团队建设

怎能conversation between modelling approaches be convened? Some跨学科团队建设的非常基本的要求are needed. This means the development of a common language, reinforced by trust and respect across modelling groups to allow for a more inclusive, co-produced process of model development.

Intimidating mathematics or complex ethnography should not come in the way. Nor should a sense of hierarchy of what authoritative knowledge is.

As we found, combining process, pattern and participatory modelling is not easy. Effective integrative modelling requires iterative, long-term, collaborative work, moving from abstract modelling to the field and back and forth across multiple conversations to build and deepen understandings. This takes time, trust and patience, and may well involve“建设性冲突”不同的。

我们的工作涉及非洲和英国的许多同事,是实现这种综合建模方法的初步尝试。我们认为,建模的3P方法必须是任何一种可以完全应对现实世界挑战的健康方法的核心。它将需要新的工作方式和新的跨学科活动,但结果希望对新兴传染病的全球挑战更有效,更适当的回应。

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