药物和普遍的健康覆盖范围:以人为中心的方法

A recently published主题系列on Universal Health Coverage inJournal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice提出了一个不同的,潜在的创新框架,用于考虑卫生系统中的药物。客座博客作者Maryam BigdeliAlliance for Health Policy and Systems Research由世界卫生组织主持,告诉我们更多。

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Universal Health Coverage(UHC)是一个范式,在该范式下,可以进行特定于上下文的改革以改善获得卫生服务和患者健康结果的机会。UHC改革提供了使用一套可以改善药物使用的政策工具的机会[1],进而,药品政策可以为UHC提供更强大的基础。

但是,设计这些政策工具及其实施过程涉及的多种选择本质上是特定于上下文的。他们需要考虑在各自环境的限制内运作的多个卫生系统参与者的竞争和融合利益。

实际上,卫生系统是异质的,卫生系统中的药物获取受到这种多样性的影响。这包括国际发展努力;全球和双边贸易协定;地方政治;公共和私人市场力量;研发优先事项;行业优先事项;正式的公共和私人卫生提供者;非正式,不受监管的提供者;以及患者,家庭和社区的选择,偏好和约束。

不同的参与者在这些领域中都有运作。他们有自己的利益和优先事项,它们的互动会影响给定背景下的药品政策的结果。

Unfortunately, current published research on medicines has essentially focused on quantification of availability, price or affordability; on appropriate use and its determinants; or on impacts of policies and interventions. It has seldom explored the interplay of context, actors and processes in the formulation and implementation of pharmaceutical policies in complex and fast changing health systems.

It has also been noted that the health policy and system researchers have overlooked the importance of medicines in health systems: in contrast to numerous research articles in the area of access to medicines, there are only few studies that adopt a health systems approach to the field.

在许多情况下,药物仅被视为仅仅是产品:需要在工业环境中开发和生产的化学产品,需要销售和出售或购买的商业产品,需要对设施进行监管和提供的健康商品,治疗需要吞咽或注入。

这种有关药物的“产品”镜头为缺乏药物的临床和技术解决方案带来了临床和技术解决方案。相反,当我们寻求将卫生系统镜头应用于药物时,我们强调了这样一个观念人们实际上是卫生系统中药品的核心。

当我们寻求将卫生系统镜头应用于药物时,我们强调了这样的观念人们实际上是卫生系统中药品的核心。

By people, we don’t mean only patients, but all health system actors: it is through people’s converging and competing interests, their economic and political power, and their evolving relationships in a given context that medicines realize their so-called “social efficacy” [2].

Pharmaceutical systems, as any subsystems of health, are social institutions, operating through actors and chains of reactions between them [3,4]. Acknowledging this in research, policy formulation and implementation will move the field of essential medicines into the 21英石century.

在所有卫生系统参与者中共有改善药物使用权的能力;明天对药品访问的解决方案是那些考虑到这些演员,协同利益,利用他们拘留的信息并透明地使用和分享知识的解决方案。

这种方法是在卫生政策和系统研究联盟的最新旗舰报告中提出的,卫生系统中的药物:推进访问,负担能力和适当的使用”。

Sustainable Development Goals,尤其是目标3.8 -“实现普遍的健康覆盖范围,包括财务风险保护,获得优质基本的医疗保健服务以及所有人获得安全,有效,质量和负担得起的必需药物和疫苗的机会”,,,,offer the framework for a health system reform in which medicines play their due role.

我们必须抓住这个机会,为卫生系统中的药品制定新的议程,该计划将人们而不是产品属于药品政策和干预措施的核心。

  1. Faden, L., Vialle-valentin, C., Ross-degnan, D., & Wagner, A. (2011). Active pharmaceutical management strategies of health insurance systems to improve cost-effective use of medicines in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of current evidence.Health Policy,,,,100,,,,134–143. [PubMed这是给予的
  2. van der Geest. (2006). Anthropology and the pharmaceutical nexis.Anthropology quarterly。Vol 79 (2): 303-314
  3. Shiekh K.,Ranson M.K.,Gilson L.(2014)。卫生系统中以人为中心的探索。Health Policy and Planning29:ii1-II5 [PubMed Central这是给予的
  4. Sheikh,K.,George,A。和Gilson,L。(2014)。以人为中心的科学:加强卫生政策和系统研究的实践。Health Research Policy and Systems 12(1),19。PubMed] [Full text这是给予的

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Comment

夏安

I recently did a health policy brief on value-based pricing (VBP) in medicines within a UHC system. As with any health policy there were advantages and disadvantages I found, yet in comparison I found the advantages to have a people centered outcome. Does anyone else have any thoughts on VBP and how it would work in a UHC country?

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