The circle of interacting risk factors provides insight between Ebola risk factors and socially constructed gender roles interacting with cultural values. It provides an insight into the link between gender and the risk of contracting infectious diseases using Ebola virus in African context.

最近，性别和性别的概念在研究中受到了全球关注。这两个概念是相互关联的：性别表示生物学差异。性别是指从一个社会到另一个社会不同的社会建构角色。

Bush meat

从观察结果来看，自1976年以来，埃博拉病毒疾病指数病例的所有已知来源都可以追溯到雨林中的野生动物（黑猩猩，猴子，大猩猩等）的暴露和/或狩猎。

In the African context, these wild animals are referred to as “bushmeat”. Bush meat is a source of protein and is also considered a source of income and livelihood in most rural African families. Moreover, the consumption of bush meat is not linked to differences in socio-economic status in Africa.

狩猎的野味an occupation and an activity that is culturally associated with men within the African context. This increases men’s exposure to contracting Ebola virus.

狩猎的野味an occupation and an activity that is culturally associated with men within the African context. This increases men’s exposure to contracting Ebola virus which can be attributed to time spent away from home and responsibility for caring for livestock.

Gender roles

在非洲背景下，妇女被认为是家里的主要护理人员。相比之下，男人生病时照顾妻子或孩子并不常见。这增加了妇女接触病毒的暴露水平。

Transmission of Ebola virus has been found to be higher in homes than in hospital. It is important to note that direct transmission of Ebola virus occurs through contact with infected patients’ bodily fluids or dead bodies. Indirect transmission may occur when sharing meals, washing clothes, sharing clothing, sleeping in the same bed, shaking hands, or hugging. Both men and women also have specific cultural roles to perform during funeral services. All these risk factors and related exposures interact with cultural values and practices creating a circle of interacting risk factors.

作为非洲人，多年来，我已经说过非洲妇女在家里扮演“护士”的角色。这是因为作为护理人员，他们执行的任务在某种程度上与医院护士执行的任务相似。但是，与非正式护理人员不同，护士接受了培训和认可。问题是：在特定情况下设计健康计划时，我们是否考虑到这些非正式护理人员？利比里亚案为此提供更多的见解。

Communicating risk

考虑到埃博拉病毒是一种风险，疫情的发作已经社区感知作为“神秘疾病”或“巫术”。有效的风险交流优先考虑，特别是因为尚无任何许可治疗。

就像风险感知因上下文，性别和教育程度而变化一样，所有这些都可能影响寻求护理的行为。在非洲背景下，知识和获得卫生服务的知识同样因性别而异。

2014年埃博拉病毒爆发期间的公共卫生消息强调，“埃博拉病毒是真实的”，并反复出现“这是致命的，没有治愈，没有治疗，没有疫苗”。此类信息可能会导致对风险的处理和理解的差异，尤其是在使用技术或科学术语时，例如“没有治愈，没有治疗，没有疫苗”，以解决具有多种口语和方言的外行人群。

Moreover, gender differences in the use of services may arise depending on several factors: To whom and in what language is the message actually delivered? Who actually makes the decision to seek care and who actually cares for the patient?

Given that not all risk can be managed at the domestic level and because risk assessment informs subsequent risk management, the hope is that, this scoping reviewpublished in贫穷的传染病will add and provide insight to health planners in understanding and respecting subtle cultural and socio-economic undertones relating to gender within a specific context and to build the capacity for effective risk communication as a worthwhile investment for both local and global public health authorities.