Human factors of digitalized mobility forms and services

随着21世纪的运输变化既变得更加数字又更可持续,新的文章集合探讨了人类行为对采用新型移动性系统的影响。

汽车使用的负面后果,例如空气和噪声污染,拥堵和道路崩溃,降低了我们城市的宜居性,并导致气候变化。

新的数字化流动性表格和服务有望支持更可持续的运输,但是由于意外的人类行为而造成的反弹影响抵消了很大一部分的收益。

In a Topical Collection in theEuropean Transport Research Review, Alexandra Millonig and Sonja Haustein汇集五项研究that cover a wide range of approaches to grasp the Human Factors affecting the use and impact of new mobility forms and services.

The insights gained can help in shaping sustainable mobility futures that avoid dead ends and sunk costs.

新出行期货的视野包括从增加车辆的能源效率以及通过合并和共享选项的使用,引入了越来越多的微型车辆来弥合最后一英里差距(例如电动踏板车,单声道)或多模式信息和多模式信息和信息票务服务,以鼓励使用单色汽车使用。

这些解决方案是基于对未来流动性的高科技愿景,该愿景由高效的自动化车组成,在绿色和可再生能源上运行,人们承担责任并做出明智的运输决策,以及所有道路用户都公平地共享公共空间和和谐。

不用说,在这个愿景中,每个人至少都以合理的价格提供了至少相同甚至更高的“任何地方”运输保证以及更具个人舒适性。

Unfortunately, experience shows that technologies and digitalized services achieve significantly less impact than assumed, and it becomes more and more apparent that technological development will not suffice in reaching a sustainable and fair mobility system.

主要原因之一是,新技术和服务的用户不一定按预期行事,这导致反弹了cts(Walnum et al., 2014). For example, increased energy efficiency in cars is compensated by consumers buying larger cars, or automated cars that promise positive environmental effects may actually increase travel demand.

Also, Mobility-as-a-Service does not seem to live up to expectations with regard to car use reduction.

Examples like these suggest that it is worth taking a closer look at seemingly irrational mobility behaviours to avoid fallacies in the assumed effect of new services.

尤其是,应从行为现象的角度彻底重新考虑车辆和服务的日益增加的数字化和车辆和服务的逐步自动化,为更加可持续和公平的行动能力铺平道路。

这样的方法,产品和服务开发相互补充,对于最大程度地减少创新的不良影响至关重要,从而危及整体移动性系统的愿景,并且不应仅限于“用户接受”的问题。

The papers in the related Topical Collection provide valuable knowledge for an improved consideration of the Human Factor perspective in digitalized mobility developments. Several conclusions can be drawn from the contributions, which can help to achieve the originally intended impact of digitalized services.

一个重要的见解是,使用新的或陌生的系统时,个人必须处理很多不安全感,这可能会限制甚至阻碍服务的成功。在共享解决方案的情况下,其中许多不安全感涉及与其他用户的适当互动。

提供简单的指南,暗示社会规则可以促进使用和互动。此外,系统的透明度提高可以避免误解。

In many cases, the potential success of a service is measured by its ability to help users in comparing different mobility options based on factual attributes like travel time, costs, potential incentives, and other measurable attributes.

However, findings within the Topical Collection show that personal motives and subconscious values people attribute to a specific mode or a trip purpose can easily override a “rational” decision.

For future developments, it might therefore be advisable to pay more attention to symbolic and effective motives of mode choice than focusing solely on functional aspects.

Approaches to decipher the emotional meaning behind reported preferences can help to shape a sustainable mobility alternative along such subconscious qualities and raise its acceptability.

Finally, we should also be aware of the fact that Human Factor phenomena are not limited to users.

Humans operate at every level of the mobility system – researchers, developers, providers, decision makers – and although they may have more factual insights into the complex nature of mobility than the average citizen, no one is safe from interfering misperceptions and personal motives.

但是,通过理解自己和他人,通过理解自己和他人,我们将我们的视野扩大到技术进步之外,我们很可能会在塑造流动性未来,而不必处理死胡同和沉没成本方面获得更多的力量。

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