How to build an Olympic legacy

The London 2012 Olympic Games are widely considered to have been a huge success, both in terms of the event itself and the legacy that followed.新研究今天发表在城市,领土和建筑evaluates the legacy of this Olympic edition and highlights ways to optimize the Olympics for host cities and build beneficial legacies.

该博客最初发布Springeropen博客

Olympic Games are usually spectacular events and moments of collective festivity. For example, the2012年伦敦奥运会全球有40亿人的潜在观众,可获得近900万张门票。但是,尽管这些事件在体育方面始终取得了巨大的成功,但一旦游戏结束后,遗产通常对托管城市来说是非常负面的。

Many past editions, including the recent Rio de Janeiro Olympics, have turned into economic and social disasters, leaving host cities bankrupt, and creating displacement, eviction, and gentrification phenomena. Sports facilities and奥林匹克公园落入废弃在短时间内,也经常报道被废弃和普及的站立。

Generating legacies

To address this issue, in 2003, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) amended its charter to include an additional statement in its mission that focused on the generation of beneficial legacies for hosting cities. Since 2003, all bidding cities are required to have a legacy plan in their candidacy files, explaining post event use for sports facilities and long-term plans for the areas involved in the Games.

2005年7月,当它被授予2012年奥运会时,伦敦成为第一个满足这一要求的城市,2012年奥运会是比赛开始之前已经执行的遗产计划的第一版。

伦敦市强烈致力于利用这项活动为其人口产生有意义的东西。的确,伦敦运动会改变了观点,将遗产和事后体育场地的使用置于前景。

Firstly, there was a careful balance of permanent, already existing, and temporary venues and infrastructure. Permanent facilities were built only when beneficial to local communities. For example, London strongly needed a new aquatics complex, because the city had very few public swimming pools.

因此,根据遗产模式的需求,使用“翻转的方法”建造了一个新的水上运动中心,但是使用“翻转方法”:该场地的设计为2500个席位,但增加了两个临时机翼以实现。IOC要求,并将容量增加到17,500个席位。比赛结束后,翅膀被拆除。

The aquatics centre in the Olympic Park.

自事件计划的早期阶段以来,该城市还通过设计三个主计划来介绍早期旧计划的概念:一种用于旧模式,一种用于过渡模式(改变公园并拆除不必要的基础设施所需的时间),一个是事件本身。

最后,这是奥运会历史上的第一次,伦敦建立了一个计划(即传统计划)和一个公共机构(即LLDC,伦敦旧版开发公司),负责在游戏发生之前就对遗产进行了负责。

这些游戏的目的是为创造就业机会和工作机会,为当地社区的培训和教育计划创造手段。

Another achievement was the strong synergy between theLondon Plan,该市的战略计划于2004年制定,以及竞标书。为了说明,伦敦计划的目标之一是减少城市西侧和东侧之间的不平衡。选择在伦敦东部的斯特拉特福德定位奥林匹克公园,目的是加速这种融合。这些游戏的目的是为创造就业机会和工作机会,为当地社区的培训和教育计划创造手段。

从物理的角度来看,奥运会公园是一个复杂的区域,非常分类和分散,到处都是河流和运河,并且受到极大污染。奥运会加速了其再生,并提供了一个新的公园和最先进的场所,现在当地社区和所有伦敦人都可以进入。一个例子是铜盒,一个多用途舞台,当地学校使用。

Another success was the investment in public transport. Stratford, the main access point to the area, was already well connected before the Games, and it is now reached by two metro lines, the London Overground line and DLR (Docklands Light Railway) connections, a bus station, and a high-speed train station.

该地区再生后奥林匹克公园的景观。

The economic side was probably the most vulnerable aspect of the Games. As in the majority of mega events, including London, the budget presented in the bid book underestimated the real costs. Although it is difficult to find accurate data, some newspapers stated that the final expendituresalmost tripled the initial spending plan,达到240亿磅。

管理活动和比赛的成本以及确保观众和运动员安全的成本也非常高,安全成本定量为5.53亿英镑由监护人。此外,2008年的经济危机驱逐了所有私人投资者,使该州的任务涵盖了准备比赛的所有费用。

总而言之,伦敦的案子表明,有一些方法可以优化奥运会主持人和促进有益的遗产:使用活动后拆除的临时设施;井井有条,而不是改装遗产计划;将活动与城市总体规划联系起来是利用奥运会作为触发的方法,以促进城市内整个城市地区的再生或重建。

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