女性的health (PCOS, menopause, and Turner’s Syndrome)

Several talks zoned in on health issues that affect women – namely PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), menopause, and Turner Syndrome. Changes in the gut microbiomes are associated with PCOS; patients have less microbial diversity and limited abundance of specific species. However, a promising study byDr. Varykina Thackray和colleagues suggests that exposure to a healthy gut microbiome can help relieve the symptoms of PCOS. Thus, the use of specific probiotics/prebiotics might serve as therapeutic tools.

During the meeting, the内分泌社会揭示了绝经后妇女的骨质疏松症药理治疗的临床实践指南，该指南提倡治疗的益处可能超过感知的风险。有证据表明缺乏治疗的摄取和依从性，这与髋部骨折率的上升和骨密度筛查的下降相吻合。希望新的准则能够灌输对治疗功效和安全性的信心。建议包括对双膦酸盐的初始治疗，以降低裂缝风险。

Dr. Patricia Fechnerdiscussed the long-term risks of Turner’s Syndrome (TS); these include short stature, hypertension, heart defects, and premature ovarian failure (hence why diagnosis is so crucial). Regarding the latter, this is common in TS adolescents, and it actually startsin utero。雌激素替代疗法可用于诱导青春期并支持子宫的正常生长和发育。

Obesity

Asthma has multiple phenotypes, some of which do not fit the ‘classical’ definition – and so classical treatments are ineffective. An example of such a phenotype is obesity-related asthma. The adipose hormone aP2 has been shown to link these two disorders, and a high level of aP2 in obese patients contributes to asthma whilst a low level is protective against it.

A recent study byMehmet Furkan Burak博士和colleagues measured aP2 levels in the blood and lung fluid of individuals with and without asthma, and in normal weight individuals and those who were obese; they found differences in aP2 levels to be most striking in obese asthmatics/non-asthmatics, suggesting that aP2 could be an independent risk factor for obesity-related asthma.

还，克里斯托弗·卡索斯（Christopher Kassotis）博士presented an interesting study on the correlation between fat cell development and chemicals found in household dust. His group collected 194 dust samples from homes in North Carolina; they then extracted the chemicals present in the samples and tested them in a cell model to see if they were capable of initiating fat cell development. They found that a large proportion of the chemicals caused either fat cell development or pre-cursor fat cell proliferation. Given that children consume household dust, this could contribute to obesity.*

跨性别医疗保健

今年，有许多谈判集中在跨性别患者的健康需求上。Dr. Jacqueline Gutmanncovered the various fertility options available to transgender individuals, but also called on healthcare professionals to be sensitive to the fact that certain questions or medical examinations may be uncomfortable and should be approached in a considerate manner, taking time to fully describe all procedures.

Dr. Joshua Saferpresented interesting results on the impact of adding a transgender medicine elective to the training program of medical students at Boston University, finding that the elective – which included personal exposure to transgender patients –boosted their comfort and knowledge levels in treating transgender patients.

ENDO 2019 was an excellent meeting, bringing together a range of experts – endocrinologists, geneticists, data analysts and more – for four jam-packed days of ground-breaking research, stimulating discussions, and lively debates. It was also an opportunity for the Endocrine Society to show its support for early career researchers through its早期职业论坛活动，也是科学女性的活动内分泌学的女性晚餐。总而言之，取得了巨大的成功！

*BMC医学现在，人们欢迎提交有关儿童营养不良的新文章收藏：‘发育迟缓，营养不良和肥胖：儿童营养不良的三重威胁’。我们邀请了主要的研究文章和前后含量，研究了这个全球健康问题的问题和基本的中介因素，并强调了潜在解决方案的影响。