本科生对茎中白人和男性特权的认识

白人有historically had opportunities in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) that have been denied to other students. To what extent are students aware of the way race and gender impacts opportunity? As part of a更大的访谈研究,我们询问183名大学生,从事不同种族和性别的人的STEM专业的经验是否有所不同。

发现

白人最不可能相信种族或性别影响经验或将影响归因于性别歧视或种族主义。

响应可以在三个主要类别中描述。图1通过性别和种族人群总结了学生的回答。

  1. Interviewees did not believe race and/or gender impacted the experience of being in STEM.
  2. Race and/or gender impacts were noted but were described as being located in differences in individuals (i.e. not the result of sexism or racism). For example, some students noted that women are underrepresented and attributed this to women not being as interested in STEM as men.
  3. 受访者描述了由于性别歧视和/或种族主义引起的影响。学生通常描述由于少数派而产生的影响。例如,感觉不合适或吓倒。学生还通常描述了在STEM中歧视有色人种和有色人种的方法。例如,被认为比白人胜任。

边缘化和特权群体的观点

We argue the focus on white men in STEM as the norm to be achieved, while disregarding them as a point of change, is a shortcoming that needs to be addressed.

白人最不可能相信种族或性别影响经验或将影响归因于性别歧视或种族主义。这一发现表明,解决STEM不平等的努力不应无视白人。持久的系统变化将有必要研究记录,挑战和利用白人的观点。改革努力通常是从赤字模型中进行的,假设边缘化的人口需要改变才能取得成功(即指导计划,丰富活动,奖学金等)。该观点通过找到问题和边缘化群体解决方案来忽略大多数人群的影响。

此外,这种观点贬低了边缘化群体的观点,反对特权群体的规范,而无需质疑规范的价值。

We argue the focus on white men in STEM as the norm to be achieved, while disregarding them as a point of change, is a shortcoming that needs to be addressed.

在整个人口统计学中,与性别相比,由于种族引起的影响的认识较少。

缺乏意识?

在整个人口统计学中,与性别相比,由于种族引起的影响的认识较少。我们假设这很可能是由于缺乏意识而不是实际经验所致,因为STEM研究中的许多话语都集中在STEM中女性的经历上。

通过转移话语以更多地关注STEM中的种族主义,将更好地解决不平等问题。我们注意到,这些数据是在2020年夏天之前收集的,当时种族的讨论大幅增加。

Different perspectives on effort

许多学生自发地提到,与男性和白人学生相比,女性和/或色彩的学生更加努力。

下图显示了通过人口统计学的这种感知的分布。有时,这归因于一个群体的特征,而没有归因于边缘化群体的任何文化或系统因素。

Other times, the theme of extra effort by women and students of color appeared as an expression of feeling pressure to do well as a result of being unusual or standing out.

我们看到这个主题引起的第三类是,学生表达了信念,有色人种和学生感到有必要证明自己,或者由于对他们的偏见而比白人/男性同龄人更努力地做得更好。白人男性不太可能注意到这种影响,受访者比对有色学生更有可能报告对女性的影响。

Percent respondents who expressed theme that women and people of color work harder, by respondents’ own race-by-gender category. We note that no student indicated that men or white students work harder than women or students of color.

Extra effort of marginalized groups results in stress

这一发现具有重要的含义。大多数通常的学生将有色人种和有色学生的额外努力归因于渴望证明自己,因为对她们的偏见,并指出这会带来巨大的压力。慢性压力与精神健康不良(包括焦虑,抑郁和情绪障碍)以及较低的学习成果有关。

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