In the 1950s, there were about 12 million people and 1.2 million total cattle infected with schistosomes, and over 100 million people at risk of infection in China. Following several decades of unremitting efforts on schistosomiasis control, Guangdong (1985), Shanghai (1985), Fujian (1987), Guangxi (1989) and Zhejiang (1995) successfully eliminated schistosomiasis in China. After achieving this, these five provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) entered the stage of surveillance.
在我们的研究中最近出版in贫穷的传染病, we addressed the surveillance progress and capabilities of these five PLADs: epidemic situation of schistosomiasis, diagnostic capacitiy, ability to identifyOncomelania Hupensis(the unique intermediate host ofjaponicum血吸虫), and knowledge of schistosomiasis prevention and control.
Elimination of schistosomiasis is regarded as an achievable goal in endemic regions or countries if continuous interventions and adequate resources are provided. However, schistosomiasis easily rebounded or spread to new areas due to weakened interventions, ecological changes caused by flooding, construction works for water conservancy projects, increased migration of goods or human resources etc., without a thorough surveillance and response system.
As Shanghai, Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi and Zhejiang eliminated schistosomiasis at least 20 years ago, we evaluated the epidemic situation and the surveillance capabilities on schistosomiasis among the five PLADs, to facilitate the consolidation of elimination achievements in post elimination era, and provide reference for other regions where schistosomiasis had been eliminated or will be eliminated.
我们的目标是了解这些淘汰后领域的流行状况及其在血吸虫病上的监测能力。为此，我们通过国家血吸虫病报告系统，根据2005年至2016年的县级对人类，牛和蜗牛的干预和蜗牛进行监测的年度数据，我们分析了数据以了解五个plads中血吸虫病的流行状态。
此外，我们设计了一张标准分数表，以评估五个plad和十个县的选定疾病控制机构中血吸虫病的监视能力。我们评估了监视能力，包括血吸虫病诊断技能，鉴定蜗牛的生活和感染状况以及有关血吸虫病及其控制的知识。
上海和千江位于中国东部的长江三角洲。富士，广东和广西位于中国南部。根据流行病学特征，上海的流行地区属于水道网络地区，而夸江，广东，广西和富士的地方性地区主要是丘陵和山区。
Results
结果表明，自2005年以来，在五个plad中没有发现人类，牛或感染的蜗牛的局部病例。但是，从2005年到2016年，在郑安格，上海和富士正共检测到221例进口病例，以及11.98 hm。2of new snail habitats were found in Zhejiang, Shanghai and Guangxi. In addition, snail infestation reoccurred in 247.55 hm2of former snail habitats since 2011.
For the surveillance capacity assessment, the accuracy rate of间接Hamegglutination分析和themiracidia hatching techniquewere 100% and 89.3%, respectively. All participants could judge the living status of snails accurately and 98.1% on the infection status of snails. The accuracy rate of the questionnaire survey was 98%.
We found elimination of schistosomiasis was consolidated successfully in five PLADs of P. R. China due to effective and strong post-elimination surveillance. Comprehensive consolidation strategies should be focused on the elimination of residual snails and the prevention of imported infection sources, in order to reinforce the achievements of schistosomiasis control in the five PLADs.
被血吸虫病zoonotic parasitic disease, challenges still exist to maintain the achievements as imported cases and snail habitats were detected. Continuous surveillance should be strengthened through capacity building for staff responsible for schistosomiasis surveillance, providing adequate funding and resources.
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